Which radiation detection device is specifically designed to measure alpha particles?

The alpha counter is specifically designed for measuring alpha particles, making it the correct choice for this question. Alpha particles are positively charged particles that consist of two protons and two neutrons; they have a relatively low penetration ability compared to other forms of radiation. The alpha counter utilizes materials and detection mechanisms that are particularly sensitive to the properties of alpha radiation.

In contrast, while other devices such as the Geiger-Muller tube and ionization chambers can detect a range of radiation types, they are not optimized solely for alpha particles. The Geiger-Muller tube, for example, is more versatile and can detect beta and gamma radiation as well, but its ability to detect alpha radiation is limited due to the particle's low penetrating ability and the construction of the tube. The ionization chamber also measures a broad spectrum of radiation types and is often more suitable for higher-energy radiation rather than specifically focusing on alpha particles.

The scintillation detector operates based on the principle of scintillation light emitted from a material when it is excited by radiation. This can work for various radiation types, including alpha particles, but it's not specifically designed to measure them exclusively.

Therefore, the alpha counter stands out as the device tailored for the specific detection and measurement of alpha radiation, ensuring