What is the primary function of a photoconductive material in radiation detectors?

The primary function of a photoconductive material in radiation detectors is to convert X-rays into an electrical signal. Photoconductive materials exhibit a change in electrical resistance when they are exposed to electromagnetic radiation, such as X-rays. When radiation interacts with the photoconductive material, it generates free charge carriers—electrons and holes—within the material. This generation alters the conductivity of the material and leads to a measurable electrical signal.

This ability to convert radiation into an electrical signal is crucial for the operation of radiation detection systems, as it allows for the quantification and analysis of the radiation exposure. In medical imaging, for instance, this conversion enables the detection of X-rays in imaging devices, contributing to diagnostic processes.

The other options do not align with the function of photoconductive materials. For example, converting sound waves into visual signals pertains more to acoustic sensors and not to radiation detection. Measuring temperature changes and detecting magnetic fields are functions associated with different types of sensors entirely, not photoconductive materials.