What is the function of a scintillation detector?

A scintillation detector plays a pivotal role in radiation detection by utilizing a specific process to identify ionizing radiation. Its primary function is to detect ionizing radiation by observing the light pulses, or "scintillations," emitted when radiation interacts with a scintillating material. When ionizing radiation, such as alpha particles or gamma rays, passes through the scintillation material, it causes excitement in the atoms of that material, which then release the absorbed energy in the form of visible light. This light is subsequently converted into an electrical signal that can be measured and quantified, allowing for the determination of the radiation's intensity.

The other options do not accurately describe the core functionality of a scintillation detector. It does not primarily measure electromagnetic radiation as its primary identification mechanism is based on light emitted from radiation interactions. Additionally, while shielding is crucial in radiation safety, a scintillation detector does not serve this purpose; rather, it is about detection. The amplification of sound waves is also unrelated to the functioning of this type of detector, as its operation is based on light and electrical signals, not acoustic ones.