Define "radiation shielding" and its purpose.

Radiation shielding refers to the use of various materials and techniques to absorb or block radiation in order to protect living organisms and sensitive equipment from harmful radiation exposure. The primary goal of radiation shielding is to reduce the intensity of radiation that can reach a person or object, thus minimizing the risks associated with radiation exposure.

Materials used for radiation shielding can vary depending on the type and energy of the radiation being encountered. For example, dense materials such as lead or concrete are commonly used for shielding against gamma rays and X-rays, while materials containing hydrogen, such as water or polyethylene, are effective against neutrons.

Ultimately, proper radiation shielding is crucial in various environments, such as hospitals, nuclear facilities, and research laboratories, to ensure safety and compliance with health regulations. This understanding is essential for anyone working with radiation or radiation-producing devices.